DNA analysis is rapidly becoming an exciting
and important aid
to genealogical research. Note that, thus far, DNA research is only an
aid to family history. A complete match of Y-DNA between two males, for
example, only indicates that it is highly probable that they have a
common ancestor in the patrilineal line - it does not identify the
common ancestor, nor does it indicate the specific number of
generations back in
time that the ancestor lived.
However, that said, DNA analysis can aid in
several ways. First, if two persons with identical DNA have traced
their ancestry by paper trail to a common ancestor, the DNA results
supports the lineages. Second, if these same two
persons have DNA that does not match (by multiple markers), it
indicates that there is a break in the supposed lineage of one (or
both) of the lines (perhaps there was a previously unrevealed
adoption).
Third, and perhaps most exciting, is that a common DNA between two
persons who did not know of a common ancestor gives significant clues
for further research to locate the common ancestor.
There are two kinds of DNA analysis of
interest in family history: Y-DNA follows the male line only, and
mt-DNA (Mitochondrial DNA) follows the female line only. A son has the
Y-DNA and mt-DNA of his parents, but a daughter only has the mt-DNA of
her mother. The male passes on the Y-DNA only to sons; the female
passes on the mt-DNA to both sons and daughters.
DNA genetics is a complex field. There are a
number of web sites that provide extensive information, such as the DNA 101 section at
FamilyTreeDNA.com .
The New England Ancestors (now American Ancestors) magazine of the
New England Historic
Genealogical Society
has had a very informative column "Genetics & Genealogy" since the
Fall 2002 issue (Vol. 3, No. 4) - 16 case studies through 2005.
Family Tree DNA Certificates for
Stephen M. Lawson
Y-DNA analysis upgraded from 25 loci to 37 loci July 24, 2008 with these additions:
Loci 26-37 460 GATA H4 YCA IIa YCA IIb 456 607 576 570 CDYa CDYb 442 438
Alleles 10 10 19 21 14 13 16 18 35 36 12 10
Y-DNA Projects related to surnames of
Kinnexions families.
Lawson
surname Y-DNA lines
Chart (PDF format)
Site Compiler: 14 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 08 09 08 11 22 17
20 28 14 14 15 15
10 10 19 21 14 13 16 18 35 36 12 10
Haplogroup using
Haplogroup
Predictor
1.20: I1a
Y-Search User ID of compiler:
SBTBH
Freeman surname Y-DNA lines
Charts Introduction
2c and 3c2r: 13 24 14 11 12 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 09 10 11 11 26 15
19 29 15 15 17 17
Haplogroup using
Haplogroup
Predictor
1.20: R1b
Most Recent Common Ancestor is compiler's great grandfather on maternal
Freeman line.
Most Recent Common Ancestor is compiler's 4-great grandfather on
paternal Freeman line.
Y-Search User ID of 2nd cousin:
4JEKF
Johnson surname Y-DNA lines
Chart (PDF format)
4c1r: 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 16 11 12 11 28 15 08 09 08 11 22 16 20 29 12
14 15 17
11 10 19 21 15 14 16 20 35 36 12 10
Haplogroup using
Haplogroup
Predictor
1.20: I1a
Most Recent Common Ancestor is compiler's 4-great grandfather on
maternal Freeman line.
Mitochondrial-DNA related to surnames of Kinnexions families.
mtDNA Haplogroup - H6a1b
HVR1: 16362C 16482G
HVR2: 152C 239C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
CR: 750G 1438G 3915A 4727G 4769G 8860G 10589A 11255C 15326G
Known matrilineal line of Site Compiler:
Sabra (birth
surname not known) HOLCOMB
Harriet (HOLCOMB) ANDREWS
Melvina E. (ANDREWS) MOREY
Minnie Elsie (MOREY) FREEMAN
Iva Melvina (FREEMAN) LAWSON
Stephen Martin LAWSON
Haplogroup Descriptions from FamilyTree DNA
I - The I, I1, and I1a lineages are nearly
completely restricted to northwestern Europe. These would most likely
have been common within Viking populations. One lineage of this group
extends down into central Europe.
R1b - Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European
populations. It is believed to have expanded throughout Europe as
humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years
ago. This lineage is also the haplogroup containing the Atlantic modal
haplotype.
H6a1b - Mitochondrial haplogroup H is a predominantly European
haplogroup that participated in a population expansion beginning
approximately 20,000 years ago. Today, about 40% of all mitochondrial
lineages in Europe are classified as haplogroup H. It is rather
uniformly distributed throughout Europe suggesting a major role in the
peopling of Europe, and descendant lineages of the original haplogroup
H appear in the Near East as a result of migration. H6 is an older
branch of haplogroup H. Its age is estimated at around 40,000 years.
Studies suggest that this haplogroup is Middle Eastern or Central Asian
in origin. It is also found at very low frequencies in Europe. H6a has
similar distribution to its parent branch H6.